Magic Formel
| File:Magic Formel.gif Magic Formel 2 Screenshots | |
| Technical Info | |
|---|---|
| ROM | 32 kbyte Formel 64 64 kbyte Magic Formel 1.2 |
| RAM | 8 kbyte |
| Hardware features | 1 Button Freeze 1 Button Reset |
| Manual | PDF: v1.2 Manual - 42 pages german PDF: v2.0 Manual - 50 pages german (v1.2 with addon pages) |
| CRT ID | 14 |
| Programming | |
| Programming | See Tech Section |
Magic Formel is the successor to Formel 64 and dictated the name for this due to Magic Formel being more popular. Released by the german company Grewe Computertechnik towards the end of 1986 with a heavy ROM load of initially 32 kbyte later rising to 96 kbyte even and a solid 8 kbyte RAM the cartridge had everything required to become a real success. It didn't work out too well though. Due to several bugs on the ROM and general incompatibilites many advanced users did not seem to like Magic Formel. The freezing capabilities provided were not too ..... blabla
Hints
Here we go with some things left out on the manual we felt noteworthy. Information was gathered from 64er January 1992, 64er July 1992 and the 64er Produktführer 1993. Please note that the Produktführer article is a copy of the
- E(somechar) start end monitor command is described as command to display memory as 8-, 16- and 24-bit representations to e.g. display chars or sprites. This is achieved using E! for 8-bit display (character set), E" for 16-bit and E# for 24-bit (sprite) display. The manual does not explain that there are a few more modes though. These are E$, E% ,E& and E' for 32-, 40-, 48- and 56-bit display.
- ^ (arrow up) and R monitor commands to display vectors and registers allows overwriting these by typing over them and pressing return. This is not really a surprise, is it?
- To handle the C64 memory mapping easier the monitor introduces a 6-character address mode for start and end adresses explained on the monitor introduction. It is using e.g. 34e000 to access $E000 with $01 set to $34. The manual also explains that using f80300 will access the drive memory. Left out on the manual were f7e000 allowing access to the cartridge ROM and ff0000 (to ffffff really?) to access the cartridge RAM.
- Though the freezer is lacking here and there one very cool option shall not be left untold:
Some sort of "UNDO" is possible even on many harsh crashes by freezing and restarting before the expected crash. On crash just reset and hit RETURN two times. This restores the last frozen state - of course not all of the C64 memory is preserved, but the main important portion.
Bugs
- Crashing the cartridge in monitor:
A 1000 LDA #!00
- Hunting for bytes:
F C000 C0FF 01 - Fills memory with $01
H C000 C0FF 01 - Finds C000 and C001 - WTF?
H C000 C100 01 - Finds all values
- Magic-Basic is featuring a HEX command which works when properly used but crashes the machine incorrect usage:
HEX 53000 - ok
HEX "53000" - CRASH
- The freezer trashes $02A6 on restart.
- Magic-Text does only allow sending the printer escape sequences containing letters or numbers only. Only a mix of letter followed by a number is allowed.
- The fastloader does not load the last block correctly when it is used to the last byte on the sector. Yieks.
Tech
The following is shamelessly ripped from magicformel.c from the VICE emulator. Most of the text was written by Groepaz:
Magic Formel
- 64K ROM
- 8K RAM
rom bank 0x00 - 0x07 (0x08) 8192* 8 64k
ram bank 0x00 - 0x1f (0x20) 256*32 8k
Magic Formel 2
- 64K ROM
- 32K extra ROM
- 8K RAM
rom bank 0x00 - 0x0f (0x10) 8192*16 128k
ram bank 0x00 - 0x1f (0x20) 256*32 8k
ram is mapped to $deXX (one page in io1 space)
rom is mapped to $e000
*** Register Details
Writing anywhere to the IO2 area adresses a MC6521 (2 8bit i/o ports). However
its registers are not simply memory mapped, instead A0-A5 go to D0-D5, D1 to D7
and A6-A7 to RS1/RS0.
addr dfXX RRDD DDDD
R -rs1/rs0 of MC6821
D -d0-d5 of MC6821
data .X .... ..D.
D - d7 of MC6821 (Controls Mapping)
*** MC6821 Registers
RS1 RS0 (CRA2 CRB2 = control register bit 2)
0 0 1 . Data A
0 0 0 . Data Direction A
0 1 . . Control Register A
1 0 . 1 Data B
1 0 . 0 Data Direction B
1 1 . . Control Register B
*** MC6821 Port usage
PA (Output Data)
A0,A1,A2 - ROM Bank
A3 - extra ROM enable/disable (?)
A4 - RAM enable/disable (?)
A5-A7 unused
PB (Output Data)
B3,B2,B0,B1,B4 - RAM Bank
B5-B6 (unused)
B7 - enable ROM at $E000 (?)
CB2 - enable Cartridge (?)
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Confused enough? Something like this here might cheer you up a little more:
The following is a rough assumption and does _NOT_ cover all the possibilities of the hardware. However this base info can be used to write a dumper without too much hazzle. Translation of the relevant parts:
The Cartridge is activated at $e000 and uses the whole IO area from $de00 to $dfff.
Write to $df00 - Enable Bank 0
Write to $df01 - Enable Bank 1
Write to $df02 - Enable Bank 2
Write to $df03 - Enable Bank 3
Write to $df04 - Enable Bank 4
Write to $df05 - Enable Bank 5
Write to $df06 - Enable Bank 6
Write to $df07 - Enable Bank 7
Write to $df0c - Enable Bank 0 of the custom eprom (MF v2)
Write to $df0d - Enable Bank 1 of the custom eprom (MF v2)
Write to $df0e - Enable Bank 2 of the custom eprom (MF v2)
Write to $df0f - Enable Bank 3 of the custom eprom (MF v2)
The following are wild guesses and require validation:
Write to $df08 - Enable Bank 4 of the second eprom (MF v2 with large secondary eprom)
Write to $df09 - Enable Bank 5 of the second eprom (MF v2 with large secondary eprom)
Write to $df0a - Enable Bank 6 of the second eprom (MF v2 with large secondary eprom)
Write to $df0b - Enable Bank 7 of the second eprom (MF v2 with large secondary eprom)
Write to $df11 - Enable RAM ???
Write of $ff to $df00 Reenable the normal kernel
Notes
- The review on Ahoy! Magazine Issue 22 (October 1985) and Ahoy! Magazine Issue 27 (March 1986) are warning the readers and users of cartridges such as the ISEPIC to utilise them for making illigitimate backups.
Missing
- Formel 64 ROM Dump
- Formel 64 PDF Manual Scan
- Magic Formel 1.1 ROM Dump
Binaries
Magic_Formel_binaries_rr.c64.org_2010-04.rar contains just the c64 binaries:
- Magic Formel v1.2 original and fixed bin and fixed .crt (Fix backported from 2.0 - don't ask me what exactly it fixes, but it's ok)
- Magic Formel v2.0 bin and hacked up .crt
Magic_Formel_all_rr.c64.org_2010-04.rar contains:
- all of the above
- Magic Formel v1.2 German Manual
- Magic Formel v2.0 German Manual
- Magic Formel 1.2 English Manual Project64
- Magic Formel 2.0 Schematics Preview
- Pictures and Datasheets for further line tracing
Trivia
- Interesting effects can be seen on failed freezes:
Weblinks
- ISEPIC at CSDb
- Forum64 german thread on Magic Formel containing quite a few technical infos and images
